Five Theories in the Bedroom of the Dead Essay - 876 Words

â€Å"[T]he utility in diverse theories in interpretation does not imply the simultaneous truth of all the claims in the theoretical inventory† states Roland Garrett in a concluding statement discussing how more than one theory must be used to interpret fully a single work of text (Garrett 124). James Joyce’s short story â€Å"The Dead† is used to portray this statement in Garrett’s article â€Å"Six Theories in the Bedroom of The Dead.† As noted by the title of the article, Garrett analyzes James Joyce’s story using more than one literary theory and a â€Å"general reflection† at the end to recap his work (Garrett 123). Garrett takes time to point out why each theory can and cannot work for â€Å"The Dead† using historical and textual evidence to support his†¦show more content†¦A perfect example is Gabriels reaction to Lilys snap in regard to her private life, he coloured, as if he felt he had made a mistake from whic h he promptly kicked off his galoshes and ran away (Joyce 298). Does this reaction prompt questioning of his past? How might the reader examine the text to find out the answer? With further elaboration on psychoanalysis, the reader may be able to answer such questions. The idea of delving deeper into the psychosis of Gabriel may aid the reader by creating a richer and more fulfilling picture of his character; conversely, stressing knowledge about the context of the period is also important. The article holds a plethora of knowledge on the theories used to analyze The Dead; however, the reader thinks that the author leaves out potentially enlightening information about the importance of background information. Such information would include international events, historic events on the continent to which the story is taking place, and influential events in the author’s life. These would help the reader to understand the characters a little better by showing, for example, why Ga briel might be insulted at Miss Ivors calling him a â€Å"West Briton† (Joyce 303). He is insulted due to the poor political connection that Ireland and England have, meaning, that Miss Ivors, essentially, callsShow MoreRelatedOedipus Relationship Between Hamlet and Gertrude1224 Words   |  5 Pagesis analyzed Freuds oedipal complex theory comes to mind. Sigmund Freud first wrote about his theory in his book An Interpretation of Dreams in 1899. Simply put, Freud states that it is normal for children to have sexual desires for their parent of the opposite sex. He says that it is also normal to have feelings of hatred for the other parent that is of the same sex as the child. Most children experience these feelings between the ages of three and five, after which the feelings go away orRead MoreThe Oedipal Relationship between Hamlet and Gertrude Essay851 Words   |  4 Pages Shakespeare portrays Hamlet with the same types of behaviors and frustrations in humans that Sigmund Freud saw at a much later date. When the relationship between Hamlet and his mother is analyzed Freuds oedipal complex theory comes to mind. The oedipal complex is a theory created by Freud that states that The child takes both of its parents, and more particularly one of them, as the object of its erotic wishes.(51) Because of this desire to be with the parent of the opposite sex, a rivalryRead MoreNorman Bates1736 Words   |  7 Pages2014 Norman Bates: Two Lives Within A Soul Sigmund Freud s Psychoanalytic Theory of Personality Development states that there is a structural model of the psyche, which splits the human identity into three instances of Ego, Superego, and ID. In Psychoanalytic Stage of Development, there are five stages: Oral, Anal, Phallic, Latency, and Genital. Even though Sigmund Freud never was writing about the movie _Psycho_, theories of Freud, have a great connection with the personality of Norman Bates. AccordingRead MoreEssay on A Critical Analysis of Shakespeares Hamlet1132 Words   |  5 PagesA Critical Analysis of Shakespeares Hamlet Dave Beaston Hamlet. Is he an insane madman or a revengeful, scheming, genius? There are many conflicting ideas and theories on this subject, and hopefully this paper may be of some assistance in clearing up the confusion. The paper is divided into three separate analytic sections beginning with the beginning of Hamlets so called madness, and why it may have occurred. Next, is an analysis of why Hamlet delays revenging his fathers death.Read MoreThe Novel And Then There Were None By Agatha Christie839 Words   |  4 Pageslock their doors and sleep towards morning. 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Another eyewitness was Admiral DoenitzRead MoreThe Heart Of American Secrets, Scandal, And Celebrities Lies The Thing That Can Make Blood Boil1355 Words   |  6 PagesDeep in the heart of American secrets, scandal and celebrities lies the thing that can make blood boil. Murder. In 1962, Marilyn Monroe was found dead lying face down, with a bottle of pills next to her hand. But, like all good stories, things are never like they seem on the surface. From examining further evidence, one will understand Marilyn Monroe was murdered by Bobby Kennedy to keep the secret of Monroe’s scandal with JFK. This further shows the extreme measures Bobby Kennedy went to cover upRead MoreFahrenheit 451 study questions and answers part 1 The Hearth and the Salamander 12363 Words   |  7 Pagesplace in the future, approximately 500 years from the time this book was written, so we estimate around the year 2450. The story is also set in the autumn. b) What clue does the author offer to support this theory on page 4? The author uses technology that doesn’t exist yet to support his theory. The example on page 4 would be:  «Ã‚  the silent air-propelled train slid soundlessly down its lubricated flue in the earth and let him out with a great puff of warm air onto the cream-tiled escalator rising toRead MoreEssay on Shakespeares Hamlet is both Madman and Genious1101 Words   |  5 PagesMadman or Genius? Scholars have been disputing the sanity of Hamlet, for over four hundred years, in the play Hamlet, by William Shakespeare. Is he an insane madman or a vengeful, devious, genius? There are many contradictory ideas and theories on Hamlet’s so called psychosis, his procrastination in avenging his father’s death, and his actions towards his mother. In the first act Hamlet seems to be in a perfectly sane state of mind. It is the second scene where the reader beginsRead MoreInvestigation Of A Criminal Investigator Essay1978 Words   |  8 PagesJamaica, New York. MacDonald attended Princeton University, Northwestern University (graduated with a Doctor of Medicine,) and completed his medical residency at Columbia Presbyterian Hospital. Jeffery MacDonald and his wife Colette had two daughters, five year old Kimberly, and two year old Kristen. The MacDonald’s were expecting their first son. Jeffery entered the U.S. Army as a Captain in the Medical Corps on July 1, 1970. In September he volunteered for Special Forces duty and was assigned as a

Pre Ap World History II - 950 Words

Shelby Thomas Mrs. Voorhees Pre-AP World History II 10 March 2017 Adolf Eichmann On March 19th, 1944, Lieutenant Colonel Karl Adolf Eichmann, stood at the head of one-hundred and forty military vehicles. It was his twenty-eighth birthday. On this day, he was doing no other than finding Hungary’s 750,000 Jewish individuals; deciding if anyone was physically fit to be transferred to labor camps or to be executed on the spot. Contrary to popular belief, Karl Adolf Eichmann was the enforcer of the Holocaust because militarily he was executing The Final Solution. During World War One, Adolf Eichmann lived a pretty ordinary life. His family moved from Rhineland, Germany to Linz, Austria; because his father received a superior position at his†¦show more content†¦He quickly moved up in the party’s heicharch. Eichmann accomplished this because he made Jewish matters become his matters. He quickly started studying Hebrew and took trips to Palestine. (Brager, 1) Furthermore, this would aid him in the future, as his power grows stronger in the Nazi Party. On March 12th, 1938, Germany invades Austria, the small country in which; Karl Adolf Eichmann is from. The fuhrer, Adolf Hitler, announces an anschluss with the small country of Austria. (History.com,1) This is the day that Colonel Eichmann gained responsibility of the SS (Nazi German Schutzstaffel) unit in Austria that controlled emigration. This unit was well-known for their Jewish looting and throwing Jewish individuals out of the country. (Brager,1) He was in charge of Jewish affairs for eight years and was not the chief of department IVB. This department was in charge of executing Adolf Hitler’s final solution. Karl was the head of all of this, he was executing these plans. Neal Bascomb’s book ‘The Nazi Hunters’ points out that Eichmann measured his success in: schedules met quotas filled, and units moved. He would perfect his methods in many countries such as: Austria (in which he began), Italy,the Netherlands, Belgium, Denmark, and many more. But now it was Hungary’s turn. His method was requiescence and simple. First, he would isolate the Jewish individuals in the country that his SS unit was in. The Jewish people had to wearShow MoreRelatedThe Seven Themes Of History1320 Words   |  6 Pages In AP U.S history there are seven overall themes they mainly focus on, America in the World, Politics and Power; Identity; Ideas Beliefs Culture; Work, Exchange and Technology; Peopling; Environment and Geography. Our history class throughout the entire year, looked at these seven themes and connected them to different time periods. Now it is the end of the year, our final thoughts on the themes and how they helped us understand history better. For me, the seven themes helped me focus more onRead MoreJohn F. 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Kennedy was successful in managing the economy asRead MoreThe s Changing Period Of All Time Essay1600 Words   |  7 PagesGlass 1 Riley Glass Mr. David US History- Modern 24 November 2016 1900s - 1950s : The Most History- Changing Period of All Time 1910s: WWI World War I began in 1914 when the Archduke of Austria was assassinated. â€Å"The murder of Franz Ferdinand is accepted by historians as the immediate cause of World War One.† (Historylearningsite.co.uk) â€Å"The British Empire is also dragged into the conflict and the war in Europe starts to expand across the globe.† (BBC) Worldwide war, then began to take over as GermanyRead MoreEmma Hendrix. Mrs. Pickle. Pre-Ap World History 9 . 16994 Words   |  4 PagesEmma Hendrix Mrs. Pickle Pre-AP World History 9 16 March 2017 The Schlieffen Plan Leads to the Two Front War When Germany declared war on Russia in 1914, they also had their own military plan, which called for a two front war with France and Russia. 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Television and Parents Free Essays

string(169) " Fantastic Four from The Cartoon Network channel and Totally Spice from Disney Channel are her children’s top choices of cartoon programs that they usually watch\." Moreover, they considered watching television as a hobby instead of doing healthier and benefiting activities, such as reading, exercising or interacting with other. Ever since the television become popular with films and programs, more and more children began to get obsessed with watching television. Parent’s nowadays have become the prime targets of accusation. We will write a custom essay sample on Television and Parents or any similar topic only for you Order Now In fact, despite being the target of blame, they themselves were also unaware of the conditions themselves. On the contrary, the caretaker(s), whom was/were hired to babysat their children, are also a part of this blame. Part A: Interviews Family one Jesse Couch Wee Chin is thirty-nine years old, she works as a part-time piano teacher who teaches music at her own home. She has a family of four. Her husband works as an accountant. She has two adorable sons, Teeth Tweeze Gang, 9 years old, and Teeth Tweeze Junk, 5 years old. Jesse said she is aware of the statement above and strongly agrees that watching TV is indeed harmful, especially to children. But there is no way that activities her sons love doing it very much, she said. Her children usually spent exactly an hour every weekday on watching TV while two hours on the weekend. They are only allowed to watch TV after they have finished their schoolwork. If their children did not follow the TV-watching schedule set by her, they will be banned from watching TV on the next following day. When it comes to the type of television programs that Sissy’s children watch, she is quite selective about it. Her children usually watch educational television programs that are showed by Disney Channel such as Little Einstein(classical music), Handy Many(good manners) and Mackey Mouse Clubhouse(problems solving). Because besides learning skills that are taught n the television programs, her children have also picked up English language in a short period of time. Other television programs such as soap operas and cartoons such as Benny and Chowder are not allowed to watch because it does not contain any educational substance and the language used in those programs are improper. How does she knows about whether which program is suitable for her children to watch? She will spend her free time to watch all the television programs that is aired on Disney Channel and decides which ones are the best for her children. I cannot trust the TV guide whole-heartedly she said. So the way to solve this problem is to filter the TV programs by herself. Watching television is indeed harmful to children and there is no point avoiding watching TV Just because of that. ‘Not to avoid, but control. ‘ said Jesse. Family two Unite Eric Prefer is a thirty-five years old full-time housewife. She has three ki ds; their age ranging from seven to two years old. During the interview, she confessed about how busy her life is. With three young kids to take care of, and the never- ending house chores, she did not really paid attention to the statement. Apparently he is aware and heard of the statement, but had never taken it seriously. She has read on how TV harms kids. That is why she does not allow her kids to watch TV so often and she was surprise that watching TV would cause such harm to kids. â€Å"Having said all that I still feel if there is a limit for the kids as to how often they get to watch the TV and what program they are watch then it should be fine†, she said during the interview. Since her children are still in pre-school and primary school, so, most of the TV programs that they watch are more towards cartoon channels such as ‘Ben 10 Alien Force’ and ‘Tom and Jerry. Also sometimes they watch Disney Channel movies like Pirates of the Caribbean, Lion King and Brother Bear. She said her eldest son likes watching Animal Planet and National Geographer’s animal documentary as he has an interest for animals. When asked about how many hours her children usually spent on watching TV, she said ‘l only allow them to watch TV for 30 minutes a day during the week after they are back from school or at night after their homework is all done. However, during the weekend they get to watch longer depending on what vie or program they are watching. As a parent, Unite agreed that watching TV is harmful for her children, but then again on the bright side, some of the TV programs also helped her children to learn more and by watching those TV programs she realizes their proficiency of their language increases as well. However, if watching TV for long hours she agreed it is not only harmful but is also a waste of time. Everything pay more attention on her kid’s time management on watching TV. Setting limits to the duration of time that her children spent on watching TV does not make watching TV harmful to them. Besides, she always encourages and sends her children for outdoor activities such as football, badminton and swimming to diversify them from being confined in the house and glued to the TV. â€Å"l have being doing this for some years now and I find it helpful to my children as well as they don’t seem to be obsessed with the TV set as compared to my friends children. â€Å", she said. Family three An accountant with a family of four, Felicia Limp said she was completely unaware of the statement but it has arouse her interest as it may cause a huge impact to her children’s health mental development. She never knew the harm that is caused by watching TV is so serious but she never really allowed her children to watch TV for long hours as she would rather them in engage with other activities like playing outdoor games or reading. The thirty-six years old mother said that her Pink Panther, Narrator, Fantastic Four from The Cartoon Network channel and Totally Spice from Disney Channel are her children’s top choices of cartoon programs that they usually watch. You read "Television and Parents" in category "Papers" Felicity’s children spent approximately 30 minutes to an hour a day in watching TV. They watch TV while having their lunch, during the night after their dinner and homework session and also if they don’t have tuition classes to attend that day. When asked about how she feels watching TV is harmful to her children, she said: â€Å"As a mother, of course I agree to the statement that watching TV is harmful to my children because long hours of engagement with watching TV will make them slack off and forgot what they suppose to do. That is why I set time-limits for them to watch TV. â€Å". By the way, Felicia admitted that she does not like the idea much of her children itching TV so often that is why she got them many story books of their choice and books of the cartoon they like to watch, and she insists on them reading the cartoon books first then only she allows them to watch the programs on TV. She said it helps as her children find it nice that they get to read books of their favorite cartoon programs. She suggests that the best solution is to divert children’s interest to other activities which is beneficial to them. Leave them more options like indoor and outdoor activities, spending more family time with them and explaining to them that TV is harmful to them. Family four Wendy Simi is currently thirty-eight years old and is the mother of two daughters. She used to work as an accountant before becoming a full-time housewife. She claimed that she is not aware nor heard of the statement stated before. Since Wendy has not heard of the statement, she cannot really come to an agreement regarding the statement. But she stated that she does realize watching TV is harmful for her children eyes as it can cause eyesight problems. Her children usually watch cartoon channels from ASTOR. â€Å"l, myself usually hand-picked the cartoons for them to watch. Just to ensure the programs are educational, that they can actually learn something usually spend one to two hours per day in watching TV after their school time and also after they have completed their schoolwork. If during their school holidays or the weekends, the period of watching TV will be longer – two to three hours a day. When asked about as a parent, does she feel that TV is harmful to her children, she said: miss, we can’t deny that TV has played its role in educating the children but if spending too much time on it, it will be harmful to my children. Their schoolwork and exams will lay forgotten in their school bags. And they will have eyesight problems for sure. † To solve this problem among children, Wendy stated that she will shorten the length of time her children spend on watching TV because after knowing the statement, she realized her children spent too much time on watching TV. In order to diversify her children’s attention from the TV, he will try to make them focus more on their studies or encourage them to go for sports activities such as swimming and dancing. Family five A house wife with a family of three, So Me Way said that she is not aware of the tenement of problems that are caused to children by watching TV. She found the statement is weird as she could not see any logic in how watching TV can harm her child. The forty years old mother said that her only son usually watches cartoon programs that are shown on the TV. When asked what type of cartoon her son usually watches, she said she has no idea about it. Her son watches almost every cartoon that is shown on the TV, regardless in what language that is delivered by the cartoon shows. She does not limit or schedule the time for her son to watch the TV, her son is ere to watch anytime he favors and is allowed to watch until the show is over. â€Å"l don’t see there is any reason in stopping him watching cartoon shows that he likes,† she said. As a mother, she does not really feel TV is harmful to her son. I’m neutral for the statement. † she said. She also added that as long as the show that her son is watching does not contain anything that is inappropriate for his age, there is no reason that watching TV is harmful for her son. However, if there comes a point where her son watches shows that contain inappropriate contents, she will take capillary actions. She prefers giving her son lectures regarding about what TV show s that are suitable for him to watch, because to her, beating is overrated. Art B With reference from the interviews carried out on parent’s with children on their television watching habits, we can see that the problem is that parent’s in secured on their children watching the television. In addition to that, the statements seems very appealing for the parent’s as they fear for their kids brain development growth and the statement can be of a good excuse to prevent their children from watching television. Secondly, looking from the children’s point of view, the problem children faces is they do not know what kinds of programs are suitable for their age. Sometimes, out of innocence they would find themselves watching a program which is inappropriate. As an example, matured shows such as The Matrix contain violent content like gunfire, fighting or sexual content. Other than that, some Japanese animation sometimes contains mild sexual themes. Children cannot make the watching inappropriate programs for their age. Because children can pick up Just anything from the programs they watched easily. If it’s a good influence, no harm done. What if it’s the other way round? Children sometimes may carry out these acts on someone thinking its normal or it’s the new social trend and get themselves into trouble. Besides tuning into inappropriate programs, children also tend to spend too much time on watching TV. Most parent’s feel that the television is the root of their children being spoil and its where the pick up most of the social trend from. Parent’s says that sometimes kids these days are taking watching television as a hobby where if without it they would be spending their time reading or doing physical activities to pep themselves healthy. Hence, like what the statement has stated, it may decrease their IQ which is leaving worry especially to parent’s. The parties which find themselves having this problem are both parent’s and children. Parent’s are too afraid of their children being too influence by watching television and the children are the victims of the statement. Firstly, not every parent has the time to keep an eye on what they children are watching. Looking at our life styles these days, parent’s are very much work- oriented which leads to them spending lesser time at home with heir children. Though, parent’s do try to make do with a schedule for their children to follow as to how long the duration on watching the television and what program they are allowed to watch, in the end the children are left alone or with their sitters to monitor them. How often do you find those children following the schedule? Secondly, parent’s who knew about the statement would most probably start banning their children from watching TV anymore. This isn’t really the right way to solve this problem because children will most probably do not understand why their parent’s o so and the urge to watch TV for all the time will get stronger. So there is no point in banning children from watching TV Just because the statement said so. Looking from the children’s point of view, they are too engrossed with the programs that they tend to have it as a hobby. This is also a problem to their social life as soon interaction among young children will lesser. No doubt that should they be watching good program such as the once you can find on the Discovery or National Geographic which helps develop critical thinking about the society and the world. What happens f they watch cartoon program that uses improper language or unethical behavior. Children have to learn more about the kind of program that they are watching. After all, excessive amount of time being spent on watching TV will indeed harm them. There is no doubt that parent’s want the best for their children. By knowing about the statement now, they would be more passive about the idea of their children watching TV. Having said that, to not lose our Job as working for a television station, we need to change the mind set of these parent’s. Parent’s should also understand that there are always two sides of a coin. Watching television may be harmful, but by not watching is also harmful, as the television reflects the real world. For the children to not see people like themselves in race, ethnicity, or physical ability. For example may diminish their self -worth. A lack of role models should spark discussion about how TV portrays different types of people. Being the people behind the television station, we too have to see the children as students to be educated, as future citizens to be engaged in the community, or simply as children, whose work is play and not as mind set. There are ways and measures that can be done to help parent’s believe that watching television can bring benefits to their children. The first tool that can be used to solve this problem is that insert more educational programs during after- school hours, because the children will be most probably watching TV during that period. By doing this parent’s would feel more secured that their children would not be influence of the inappropriate behavior or language used. By replacing the shows of cartoons that use inappropriate language with educational programs, the hillier will surely learn something by watching them. Hence, their parent’s will not ban them from watching TV anymore. Besides educational programs, TV station can also create tutorial programs for students up to secondary school to have them guided through their major exams such as PUPS, MR. and SUM. For example having programs such as Educational programming can develop young children’s colonization and learning skills. Other than that, news, current events and historical programming can help make young people more aware of other cultures and people. Documentaries can help develop critical thinking about society and the world. Parent’s should be aware of this as it benefits their children. During the nights, where before children go to bed there can be programs that are recommended for family viewing with this it gives family members of all ages an opportunity to spend time together. Other than that, these TV programs may explore controversial or sensitive issues, which can make it easier for parent’s and kids to discuss them as they are watching it together. The second tool that can be used to solve this problem is that, our television station could come up with a system which is friendlier for parent’s monitor they schedule of the programs their children are watching. Parent’s could make do a schedule to limit children’s time on watching TV. This system would especially help parent’s who are away from their children. The system will form an age restrictions to prevent children from tuning in into inappropriate programs on the TV. This helps so that parent’s do not find their children watching the wrong programs. The system will also enable parent’s to view a summary on the program hey would wish for their children to watch. They can view it in the television itself, via online or in their monthly TV guide. The information we will provide are like the language used, should there be guidance, the behavior of the casts. If there should be guidance, the system will not allow the program to be viewed. To view it there should be a code that has to be type in. With this parent’s would feel more secured as they can monitor their children’s viewing habits and they will also be able to see the viewing program history to know if their children have watched other programs. The last tool would be television stations can use TV as a catalyst to get kids reading following up on TV programs by getting books on the same subjects or reading authors whose work was adapted for the programs. With this parent’s would feel more secured as it helps their children to develop reading habits. Children will be more enthusiastic to read as they have an idea of what they are reading. By doing this, children can learn important values and life lessons as well. As an example, programs such as Hannah Montana, Thro, Ben 10 and so on has the book version. Being the television station what we can do is that we can sell these books or for the viewers who want it so it would be easier for parent’s to purchase it and it is create powerful touchstones. TV also enables young people to share cultural experiences with others. This helps the children in many ways. Conclusion As portrayed, not all parent’s are unaware of these circumstances. In fact, some have already took up measures to these problems. Obviously, everyone did not literally ban their children from watching televisions. As a matter of fact, they simply limit the frequency. Therefore, the fact that children had been watching too much television had been overruled. On the other hand, in relation with the contents that their children had been watching, parent’s has shown display of supervision. In fact, they are well aware of what their sons and daughters should and should not watch. Some shows such as Narrator or Ben 10 have some slight mild violence content; these contents are not harmful enough to be categorized as inappropriate for children. Therefore, it is safe to say that children are not watching violent shows, which has blood and gory contents. How to cite Television and Parents, Papers

Human Resource Management Recruitment and Selection

Question: Discuss about theHuman Resource Managementfor Recruitment and Selection. Answer: Introduction The social media is an extremely popular phenomenon that is penetrating all sections of the society around the world (Grgoire, Salle Tripp, 2015). This paper would discuss the utilization of the social media in the workplace and how the media tool affects the human resource activities of the organization. The effect of the social media techniques on the recruitment, selection, change management, organizational culture, privacy issues and others would be discussed. This paper would also strive to analyze the appropriate use of the social media websites in an organizational setting. The methodology used in this paper would include the analysis of the given case study named How Social is your network? It also involves the secondary data collection from the online resources. Discussion The social networking has several implications on the organizations. The employees often face the issue of privacy regarding the use of the social networking sites. The employees feel that they are free to post anything on the social networking sites; however, the organization doesnt feel so (Grgoire, Salle Tripp, 2015). The organizations expect that the employees should be careful in posting sensitive content in the social media platform (Hays, Page Buhalis, 2013). The employees are not allowed to post confidential data on the social media websites. They are also prohibited from posting crucial organizational data on the social media platform (Halpern Gibbs, 2013). For example, they are not allowed to post any information regarding the financial gains or losses of the company. The privacy issues concerning the social networking platform is included in the domain of data privacy. It is concerned with the storage, re-purposing and displaying of the information to the third parties through the internet (Chakraborty, Vishik Rao, 2013). The increased implementation of technology in the workplace has posed serious problems for the employees as well as the employers (Halpern Gibbs, 2013). The information technology such as the social networking tools has greatly reduced the operational costs of the company as there is increased automation of the human tasks (Rainer et al., 2013). However, the electronic surveillance has created severe debates regarding the privacy issues of the employees (Halpern Gibbs, 2013). The employees feel offended as their employers are constantly monitoring their activities on the social networking sites (Halpern Gibbs, 2013). There are times when the companies use social media in the process of recruitment and selection. They use thi s platform to look for suitable candidates who can fill the vacant positions (Rainer et al., 2013). They often strive to find desirable information about a particular candidate on the social networking platforms. There are several reasons for the hampering of privacy in the social networking sites (Chang, Liu Chen, 2014). The employers need to collect various information regarding the employees for enhancing the efficiency of the business process. They consider the need to maintain their trade secrets in a social media platform, which can be accessed by their competitors (Hampton, 2014). They also engage in keeping a track of the electronic communications between the employees of the concerned organization (Chang, Liu Chen, 2014). The company may also formulate policies regarding the surveillance of the employee communications on the social media platform (Chang, Liu Chen, 2014). It is not sufficient for the company to formulate the policy; it must take active steps for implementing the same. It is true that the organizations need to focus on flexibility of the human resource; however, it should not be done at the expense of organizational loss. The act of employee surveillance on the social media platforms can have serious consequences on the employees (Bolton et al., 2013). The data privacy issues can pose serious threat to the smooth functioning of the organization. There can be issues in the recruitment and the selection process (Trottier Lyon, 2012). There are possibilities of discrimination in which the employers may be tempted to select candidates who are active on the social media platforms. They may give preference to candidates who post good contents in the social networking sites rather than those who post offended content (Trottier Lyon, 2012). There can be other basis for discrimination such as age, religious beliefs and ethnic backgrounds. There may not be valid reasons for the employers to reject a particular applicant. There can be issues with trust and integrity between the employees and the employers after strict monitoring measures of the employees action are undertaken (Zhang et al., 2014). The employee s can cease to trust the employees as their social media activities are getting monitored in the workplace. There can be issues with the professionalism of the senior management (Trottier Lyon, 2012). The employees may feel that their personal lives are suffering from unnecessary intrusion which is not a characteristic of smart management (Furusten, 2013). The employees would strive to find alternative mediums for discussing about the organizational issues as they are aware of the fact that their social media activities would be monitored (Bolton et al., 2013). There can be consequences of the social media surveillance on the organization as well. There can be legal consequences concerning the monitoring of the social media platforms (Treem Leonardi, 2013). The ownership of social media and its subsequent use in a business domain remain a disputed issue. The organization faces issues when the employee gives too much information on the social media platforms regarding confidential financial matters. There are also issues when the employees leave the organization. This is because they have privileged access to the company page on the social media platforms and also their comments or professional contact can pose a threat to the company (Treem Leonardi, 2013). There can be loss of productivity of the employees and there can be negative organizational culture. The younger workforce possesses a different attitude towards work than the older counterparts (Yusoff et al., 2013). There are various reasons why the younger generation prefersthe use of social media at work. The employees engage in social networking site in order to take a break from the monotonous work. They feel that it gives mental satisfaction to them and also energizes them so that they can perform better in the organizational tasks (Gringart, Helmes Speelman, 2013). They also feel the urge to connect with their close associates even when they are in a professional environment (Gringart, Helmes Speelman, 2013). Some young professionals feel the need for making professional connections in their workplaces, which can be best done through the medium of social medium (Treem Leonardi, 2013). They also strive to seek answers to any work related questions from their followers on the social media platform. The younger employees possess different attitudes, responsibility, privacy and commitment towards the organization than the older employees (Kooij et al., 2013). They are more likely to discover information on the social media platform regarding the organization, their coworkers or any processes related to the organizations (Kooij et al., 2013). In many instances, this information has improved their opinion about a colleague (Kooij et al., 2013). It has also been studied that less number of workers prefers using the social media for professional matters. They find it a useful tool for searching for potential job opportunities (Kooij et al., 2013). They also feel that this medium is helpful in connecting with various experts and knowing their co-workers in a better manner. The employees can use the social media in the workplace; however, a responsible attitude for using the same is essential (Majchrzak et al., 2013). The employees can extract information from their employers, but they should make sure that this information is not misused under any circumstance. There are several unethical issues that are directly related with the use of social media platform in the workplaces (Majchrzak et al., 2013). There are instances when the employees engage in downloading pornography or putting personalcontent on the company owned pages (Kooij et al., 2013). The employees often engage in gathering the confidential information of the companies and transferring them to third parties outside the organization. This may violate the privacy rights of the individuals in a workplace setting (Majchrzak et al., 2013). The young employees often badmouth about the employers in a social media platform that impacts the organization in a negative way (Kooij et al., 2013). The e mployees should understand their inherent responsibilities towards the organization and safeguard the confidential information of the company (Gringart, Helmes Speelman, 2013). The employers should formulate policies that penalize the employees who misuse the critical information of the organization (Majchrzak et al., 2013). They need to check if the employee is behaving appropriately in the social network sites (Gringart, Helmes Speelman, 2013). This does not mean that the employer would necessarily interfere in every activity of the employees in the social networking sites. There are a number of legal risks associated with the use of social media platforms. There can be hostile work environment and claims regarding discrimination in the workplace when there is increased use of the social media websites (Picazo-Vela, Gutierrez-Martinez Luna-Reyes, 2012). There can be wrongful claims of termination or failure to recruit talented manpower in case of recruitment through social media platform. The employers can also face defamation claims when the social media is being used to disseminate gossip or rumors (Gringart, Helmes Speelman, 2013). There can be improper disclosure of protected company information. There are several organizational benefits when the companies monitor the social media activities of the employees. It is important for the employers to frame a surveillance system for ensuring the organizational effectiveness (Tuten Solomon, 2014). The implementation of this system would ensure that the employees have increased productivity. If the employees are spending less time on socializing in the online sites, then they would have more time to focus on their work (Tuten Solomon, 2014). This would increase the output of the employees which is in turn beneficial for the organization. It is important for the organizations to formulate Acceptable Use Policies which would elaborate the usage of the social media in the organization (Tuten Solomon, 2014). The IT department of the company would be responsible for screening the social media activities of the employees, especially during the office hours. The organization would be aware of the ugly incidents in the social media if the y regularly monitor the employees activities. Any misrepresented information or critical information posted online in the social media can be known by the company representatives (Picazo-Vela, Gutierrez-Martinez Luna-Reyes, 2012). In some instances, the company may be able to find competent candidates through the social media websites. It provides greater insight into the abilities of the applicant (Picazo-Vela, Gutierrez-Martinez Luna-Reyes, 2012). It provides a dynamic platform for the organizations to fill up their organizational vacancies. The use of social networking by the employees should be transformed into a positive action by a progressive employer. The employer should balance the act of social media usage by the employees (Sonenshein et al., 2013). There should be optimum balance so that both the employer as well as the employee would be benefitted. There should be the creation of win-win situation. The employer must focus on the advantages of the use of social media platform in the workplace. The social media platform is an excellent medium for fostering communication channels in the organization. It is a source of disseminating information among the various employee groups (Picazo-Vela, Gutierrez-Martinez Luna-Reyes, 2012). It leads to enhanced open communication that leads to discovery as well as delivery of information (Sonenshein et al., 2013). It allows employees to share about the information, post news, discuss various ideas and share links between them (Picazo-Vela, Gutierrez-Martinez Luna-Reyes, 2012 ). It also provides an opportunity to expand the business contacts. The social media platforms provide the employers many new clients for their business. They can also get wide target audience in which they can employ successful promotional activities. This tool can also help in the process of market research and the implementation of the marketing campaigns (Picazo-Vela, Gutierrez-Martinez Luna-Reyes, 2012). The employees should be allowed to use social media websites for constructive purposes rather than destructive ones. There should be workshops that highlight the appropriate use of the social media websites (Sonenshein et al., 2013). The organization should organize such informational sessions and make sure that all employees should attend this session. All the employees across the organizational hierarchy should be made aware regarding the responsible use of the social media. There are different ways through which the employers can make effective use of the social media in the workplace. The individual departments can organize brainstorming sessions which encourage ideas from the employees. They can also keep the conversations active through a blog, which would reduce the risk factors associated with a social media platform (Leonardi, Huysman Steinfield, 2013). The project teams can work on tools such as wikis so that they can manage their projects in a better way (Sonenshein et al., 2013). They can share their best practices with each other as well as research case studies. The top management of the organization can engage in recording a podcast which would make him deliver vital news to its employees (Sonenshein et al., 2013). The use of collaborative technology can improve the understanding between the employees in the workplace and foster teamwork in the workplace. It is also helpful in fostering lateral communication in the workplace (Sonenshein et al., 2013). The social media includes the knowledge sharing process with the help of interactive tools such as collaborative editing, online forums and innovative ways of storytelling (Sonenshein et al., 2013). Conclusion The social media is an important tool which is increasingly used by the organizations. The social media websites have several implications on the modern day organizations. There is a mutual dependence of the employees and the employers. The employees expect that the management would allow them flexibility to use the social media tools. The employers also believe that the company information would be protected in the social media websites. There are several privacy issues with the use of social media network which implies that the organizations should be careful regarding the use of social media by their employees. This paper discusses some of the major consequences of the social media websites on both the employees as well as employers. The attitude and behavior of the younger workforce is discussed along with its comparison with that of the older workforce. This article focusses on the responsible use of the social media and the number of legal risks associated with the use of the s ocial media. This paper emphasizes the benefits of the organization as a result of the social media activities monitoring. The concluding part of the paper focusses on how the employers can convert the use of social media in a win-win situation. This paper would broaden the understanding of the social media usage in an organizational scenario as it provides both employers perspective as well as an employees perspective regarding social media usage. References Bolton, R. N., Parasuraman, A., Hoefnagels, A., Migchels, N., Kabadayi, S., Gruber, T., ... Solnet, D. (2013). Understanding Generation Y and their use of social media: a review and research agenda.Journal of Service Management,24(3), 245-267. Chakraborty, R., Vishik, C., Rao, H. R. (2013). Privacy preserving actions of older adults on social media: Exploring the behavior of opting out of information sharing.Decision Support Systems,55(4), 948-956. Chang, I., Liu, C. C., Chen, K. (2014). The push, pull and mooring effects in virtual migration for social networking sites.Information Systems Journal,24(4), 323-346. Furusten, S. (2013). Commercialized professionalism on the field of management consulting.Journal of Organizational Change Management,26(2), 265-285. 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The relationship between leadership paradigms and employee engagement.Journal of Global Responsibility,5(1), 4-21.

A View From The Bridge Essays - A View From The Bridge,

A View from the Bridge After reading Arthur Miller's play "A view from the bridge," I am convinced that the most striking character is Marco. He is an Italian immigrant that moved illegally to the United States with his brother Rodolpho to work as longshoremen, since at the time (the play was written in 1955) his country of origin, Italy, was going through a major economic depression because of the outcome of World War II. In the play, we are told that Marco's plan is to make enough money to survive and be able to send some of that money to his wife and his three kids back in Italy, who are starving. Marco physically resembles the Sicilian stereotype, with dark skin and dark hair. He is also very strong and he could easily "load the whole ship by himself."(pg.541) In this play, the author uses plot, dialog, actions and symbolism to emphasize Marco's honor which, in my opinion, is his prominent characteristic. Throughout the play, we can clearly see that the plot helps us develop Marco's character in our imagination. For example, he is an illegal alien, and this might give the reader a less honorable view of him, and it might justify Eddie's action. But the fact that Marco left his family to give them support and to save his oldest son who is "sick in the chest," (pg. 535) makes the reader forget about his illegal stay and makes his status rise to the one of a hero. In this play, Marco's actions lead us to the discovery of a violent side which he uses to defend his honor in a number of occasions. For example, when he challenges Eddie to lift the chair at the end of the first act, we understand that he did it to save his brother's face and his family's honor. In addition, the killing of Eddie by Marco's own hands at the end of the play, is the final display of his character. Marco's character is definitely expressed more by his actions than by his words. He is very strong, and he is obviously aware of that, but doesn't like to show it in words, or brag about it. In fact, when Eddie was making fun of his brother Rodolpho, instead of replying to him in words, he chose to use his strenght to get his point across by lifting the chair. In addition, Marco doesn't talk about his family much; instead, he works as hard as he can, and that is enough to show everybody how much he cares about them. As a final insult to Eddie, Marco chooses to spit in his face in front of everybody. This is because in the Italian culture, that act is considered as an extreme expression of anger toward a person, and it is rarely left without punishment. In addition, the action of going to the church before facing Eddie shows us that he is very religious and cares about his soul. Marco is a very honorable man and believes in his tradition, and the author shows us that through a number of symbols. For example, spitting on Eddie's face once he realizes that Eddie turned him and his brother to the police is a symbol of disgust and revolt for Eddie's actions. In addition, at the end of the play, we are told that Marco went to church before going to talk to Eddie. This action tells us that Marco is ready to give up his life and commit a mortal sin to defend his honor, because what Eddie has done, the breaking of the "omerta'", the breaking of trust, is something that in his culture must never be left unpunished. Throughout the first act of the play, Marco is only referred as a flat character and the only time we are really aware his persona and his strength is at the end of the first act, when he lifts a chair over his head and makes it seem like a challenge to Eddie, as a response for mocking Rodolpho. But only in the second act his character is fully exposed and we see his image transform into a round character. In this play, Marco is portrayed as

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Synthesis of Isatin Based Caspase Inhibitors DESIGN AND SYNTHESIS OF ISATIN BASED CASPASE INHIBITORS FOR RUTHENIUM CAGING APPLICATIONS KASUN CHINTHAKA RATNAYAKE ABSTRACT Apoptosis is the energy dependent programmed cell death. Improper function of apoptosis could lead to diseases such as cancers, strokes, alziemer’s disease. Caspases are the enzymes involved in the later stage of this process. Peptidyl and non-peptidyl caspase inhibitors have been synthesized recently. One of these non-peptidyl compound classes which consist of pyrrolidinyl-5-sulfo isatins have showed a greater potency against executioner caspases, caspase-3 and -7. According to literature and for further caging studies, two compounds were designed, synthesized and evaluated their inhibition against caspase-3 in this study. The analog in which its N-1 position alkylated with a 4-methyl pyridine moiety (7) showed a higher inhibition than the analog in which its N-1 alkylated with cyanoethyl group (8). Thus, the compound  7  was selected for further caging studies with ruthenium. Chapter 1: Introduction 1.1 Apoptosis and Caspases Apoptosis is the process of programmed cell death. This is a significant cellular process which is directly co-related with embryogenesis, immune system, ageing and various diseases including cancers, stroke, myocardial infarction and neurodegenerative disorders.1 Caspases (cysteinyl dependent aspartate directed specific proteases) are the enzymes involved in the later stage of apoptosis. Caspases are divided to different classes according to their role played in the signaling cascade of apoptosis. Caspases 6, 8, 9 and 10 are involved as initiators and caspases 2, 3 and 7 are identified as executioner caspases in the signaling cascade.2The caspases 1, 4 and 5 are found to be non-active in the cell death process. 1.2 Caspase inhibition and modified isatin sulfonamides as caspase inhibitors Caspases play a significant role in both inflammation and apoptosis. Extensive researches have been conducted on caspases and their functions because they act as potential targets in drug discovery. Various inhibitors of Caspase have been made. These inhibitors could be categorized as non-peptidyl and peptidyl based compounds. A greater selectivity could be achieved when non-peptidyl inhibitors are used for different types of caspases. Isatin sulfonamides have showed inhibition on executioner caspases (caspase-3 and -7) in recent studies. In 2000, Lee and researchers reported the x-ray structure of caspase-3 with an isatin analog, 1-methyl-5-(2-phenoxymethyl-pyrrolidine-1-sulfonyl)-1h-indole-2,3-dione (a) bound to the active site of the enzyme (Figure 1).3 Modifying isatin sulfonamide analogues with pyrrolidine groups have shown significant effect on caspase inhibition.4 For example, various pyrrolidinyl-5-sulfo isatins have been shown inhibition to caspases, 3 and 7 (Figure 2). These isatin sulfonamide analogs are modified using structure activity relationships and performed these biological assays. The following isatin sulfonamides have shown to be inhibit caspase-3. The stereochemistry of substituted pyrrolidine moiety, cyclic vs acyclic ring structures and ring sizes have been examined for these inhibition studies (figure 3).5 1.3 Ruthenium complexes for caging applications Ruthenium compounds have been reported as significant candidates for caging applications. Light activation of these metal complexes has been extensively studied. Recently, neuroactive biomolecules as well as small molecular enzyme inhibitors have been reported to be caged with these ruthenium complexes. Spatial and temporal release of these caged molecules upon light activation gives insight to develop new tools that could be used to treat various diseases in biological systems. In this study Ruthenium polypyridyl compounds are used in future studies since they have been considered as excellent candidates for caging application of small molecules. Chapter 2: Results and Data 2.1 General considerations All reagents were purchased from commercial suppliers and used as received. Varian FT-NMR Mercury-400 Spectrometer was used to record all NMR spectra. IR spectra were recorded on High resolution mass spectra were recorded on.Melting points were recorded on .Enzyme inhibition assays were done on 2.2 Designing of Caspase inhibitors Recent studies show that various 5-pyrrolidinylsulfonyl isatins act as caspase-3 inhibitors. Several factors were considered in the designing process of these analogs. First, higher caspase inhibition was considered. Use of specific stereochemistry in the pyrrolidine moiety is important since S-alkoxypyrrolidine is more potent than its R-stereoisomer which shows almost no potency against caspase-3. It is reported that methoxymethyl pyrrolidinyl analogs show higher cell toxicity than phenoxymethyl pyrrolidines, thus methoxymethyl pyrrolidine analogs were chosen for further studies. When considering the Ruthenium caging studies, the chosen analogs should contain a group which has a higher binding affinitiy towards Ruthenium. Therefore, pyridyl and cyano groups were selected to incorporate in these isatin sulfonamide analogs. These groups are chosen to be attached to N-1 position of isatin sulfonamide analog. It has been reported that higher alkyl chain on N-1 position could increase th e inhibition. Therefore 4-methylpyridine and cyanoethyl groups were selected to attach on N-1 position of these analogs and compounds 7 and 8 are designed (Figure 3). 2.3 Synthesis of designed isatin sulfonamide analogs The designed analogs were synthesized using literature and modified procedures5, 6, 7 (Scheme 1). The compound 5 was synthesized as the precursor for the final analogs 7 and 8. The compounds 7 and 8 were synthesized using modified and optimized procedures (Scheme 2 and Scheme 3). 2.4 Enzyme Inhibition Assay Caspase-3 inhibition assay was performed for compounds 6 and 7 according to the literature procedure.2 Compound 6 was found to be more potent (IC50 = .. ) of than compound 7 (IC50 = ..). Thus, compound 6 was selected for further caging studies with Ruthenium bipyridine complexes. 2.5 Experimental 2.5.1 Sodium 2,3-dioxoindoline-5-sulfonate (1) Isatin (10 g, 0.068 mol) was added carefully to a stirred solution of 20% SO3/H2SO4 (20 mL) at -15 °C. The reaction mixture was gently warmed up to 70  °C with stirring. Reaction mixture was stirred at 70  °C for another 15-20 min. The reaction mixture was carefully poured on to crushed ice and let ice to melt and then 20% NaOH was added to the reaction mixture (pH=7). The flask containing reaction mixture was kept in an ice bath to induce precipitation of the desired product. The solid was filtered, washed with ice-cold water and dried to give red-orange crystalline solid. The 1H-NMR data was compared and matched with literature data. Yield: 14.48 g (0.051 mol. 75%) 2.5.2 2,3-dioxoindoline-5-sulfonyl chloride (2) Sodium 2,3-dioxoindoline-5-sulfonate dihydrate (2 g, 70 mmol) was dissolved in tetramethylene sulfone (10 mL) under Argon environment at 60-70  °C and phosphorus oxychloride (3.36 mL, ) was added dropwise. The reaction mixture was stirred for 3 h. The reaction was cooled to room temperature and kept in an ice bath. Then ice-cold water was added to the reaction mixture carefully. A precipitate was formed, filtered, washed with ice-cold water and dried used without further purification. The desired compound is yielded as a bright yellow solid. The 1H-NMR data was compared and matched with literature data. Yield: 1.58 g (64 mmol, 92%). 2.5.3 Tert-butyl (S)-2-(methoxymethyl)pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate (3) To a solution of N-Boc-L-prolinol (5.0 g, 25 mmol) in THF (25 mL) at -78  °C, Sodium hydride (60% in mineral oil) (960 mg, 40.0 mmol) was added and stirred for 10 min. Then methyl iodide (2.65 mL, 42.5 mmol) was added dropwise and reaction was stirred for 4h at -78  °C and additional 16 h at RT. Then NH4Cl was added until all H2 evolved and EtOAc was added. The organic layer was washed with water and sat. NaCl, dried over anhyd. Na2SO4 and concentrated to give a pale yellow oil and purified with petroleum ether: ether (9:1) to give a colorless oil. The 1H-NMR data was compared and matched with literature data. Yield: 4.986 g (23.16 mmol, 92%) 2.5.4 (S)-2-(methoxymethyl)pyrrolidine (4) To a solution of tert-butyl (S)-2-(methoxymethyl)pyrrolidine-1-carboxylate (4.98 g, 23.07 mmol) in DCM (40 mL), TFA (25 mL) was added dropwise over 30 min at 0  °C. The reaction was warmed to RT and stirred for additional 1.5 h. The reaction mixture was added to 150 mL of 10% NaOH solution and extracted with DCM (50 mL x 3), dried over anhyd. Na2SO4 and concentrated to obtain a pale yellow oil. The 1H-NMR data was compared and matched with literature data. Yield: 2.657 g (23.07 mmol, 100%) 2.5.5 (S)-5-((2-(methoxymethyl)pyrrolidin-1-yl)sulfonyl)indoline-2,3-dione (5) The compound (1) was synthesized according to procedure reported by Harvan et al.1 To a stirred solution of 2,3-dioxoindoline-5-sulfonyl chloride (2 g, 8.153 mmol) in 1:1 THF/CHCl3 (80 mL), a solution of (S)-2-(methoxymethyl)pyrrolidine (1.033 g, 8.968 mmol) and DIPEA (2.84 mL, 16.310 mmol) in CHCl3 was added dropwise under Argon environment and stirred for 1 h at 0  °C. The reaction stirred for additional 1 h at RT. The reaction mixture was concentrated and purified using 1:1 EtOAc:Petroleum ether and isolated as bright yellow crystals. The 1H-NMR data was compared and matched with literature data. Yield: 1.185 g (36.53 mmol, 45%) 2.5.6 4-(bromomethyl)pyridine hydrobromide salt (6) Pyridin-4-ylmethanol (5.0 g) was dissolved in 48% HBr (50 mL) and refluxed for 24 h. (Reaction was monitored for completion using TLC). The reaction mixture was concentrated in vacuo until a thick gum appeared and treated with absolute Ethanol at 5  °C. The white crystalline solid obtained was filtered and washed thoroughly with cold absolute Ethanol. The 1H-NMR data was compared and matched with literature data. Yield: 4.74 g (18.7 mmol, 41%) 2.5.7 (S)-5-((2-(methoxymethyl) pyrrolidin-1-yl)sulfonyl)-1-(pyridin-4-ylmethyl)indoline-2,3-dione (7) To a stirred solution of (S)-5-((2-(methoxymethyl)pyrrolidin-1-yl)sulfonyl)indoline-2,3-dione (1) (168 mg, 0.518 mmol) in DMF, 60% NaH in mineral oil (51.8 mg, 1.295 mmol) was added at 0  °C under Argon atmosphere. The reaction was stirred for 30 min. Then a solution of 4-Bromomethyl pyridine (130.6 mg, 0.518 mmol) in DMF was added dropwise and stirred for 4 h at 0  °C. The reaction was diluted with EtOAc and washed with saturated NaCl (20 mLÃâ€"3). The organic layer was dried over anhyd. Na2SO4 and concentrated in vacuo. The crude product was crystallized using EtOAc:Hexanes and isolated as a yellow solid. Yield: 85.8 mg (0.207 mmol, 40%) mp = 172-174  °C, 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3): ÃŽ ´ 8.64 (d, 2H, J = 6 Hz), 8.11 (s, 1H), 8.03 (d, 1H, J = 8.4 Hz), 7.27 (d, 2H, J = 3.6 Hz), 6.83 (d, 1H, J = 8.4 Hz), 4.99 (s, 2H), 3.74 (m, 1H), 3.55 (dd, 1H, J = 9.6 Hz, 4 Hz), 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO): ÃŽ ´ 8.51 (d, 2H, J = ..Hz), 8.01 (d, 1H, J = Hz), 7.84 (s, 1H), 7.46 (d, 2H, J = Hz), 7.07 (d, 1H, J = Hz), 4.99 (s, 2H), 3.67 (m, 1H), 3.41 (dd, 1H), 3.24 (s, 3H), 3.06 (m, 1H), 1.73 (m, 2H), 1.48 (m, 2H) 13C NMR (100 MHz, CDCl3): ÃŽ ´ 183.2, 160.8, 152.5, 150.5, 137.5, 134.9, 124.9, 122.1, 117.5, 110.8, 74.8, 59.2, 59.1, 49.3, 43.3, 28.8, 24.1 IR (ÃŽ ½max) (KBr): 3443, 2929, 2361, 2342, 1747, 1616, 1478, 1450, 1417, 1365, 1344, 1330, 1199, 1181, 1154, 1130, 1115, 1070, 1041, 994 MS (HRMS): 432 (M+Na+MeOH)+, 400 (M+Na)+ 2.5.8 (S)-3-(5-((2-(methoxymethyl) pyrrolidin-1-yl)sulfonyl)-2,3-dioxoindolin-1-yl)propanenitrile (8) To a stirred solution of (S)-5-((2-(methoxymethyl)pyrrolidin-1-yl)sulfonyl)indoline-2,3-dione (1) (200 mg, 0.620 mmol) in DMF (10 mL), KOH (4 mg, 0.062 mmol) was added and stirred for 10 min at RT. Then acrylonitrile (45  µL, 0.680 mmol) was added dropwise and stirred for 2 days under Argon environment at RT. The reaction mixture was added to H2O (30 mL), and extracted with EtOAc (20 mLÃâ€"3). The combined organic layer was washed with 10% NaCl (20 mLÃâ€"3). The organic layer was dried over anhyd. Na2SO4 and concentrated in vacuo. The crude product was purified with CH2Cl2: MeOH (99:1) to afford yellowish-orange solid. Yield: 63.6 mg (0.169 mmol, 27%) mp = 134-138  °C, 1H NMR (400 MHz, CDCl3): ÃŽ ´ 8.15 (d,1H,J=Hz), 8.11(d,1H, J=.Hz), 7.18(d,1H,J=.Hz), 4.10 (t,2H,J=), 3.77(m,2H), 3.57(dd, 2H, J= Hz), 3.43(m,H), 3.40 (s,..H), 3.38(d, H, J=Hz), 3.36 (s,3H,), 3.14(m,H), 2.98,2.96,2.94, 2.86(t,2H, J=Hz), 2.04(s,..H), 1.92(m,H), 1.69 (m,.H), 1.55(s,H) 13C NMR (100 MHz, CDCl3): ÃŽ ´ 180.8, 157.8, 152.3, 137.6, 134.7, 124.9, 117.5, 116.8, 110.4, 74.8, 59.3, 59.1, 49.4, 36.8, 28.8, 24.1, 16.7 IR (ÃŽ ½max) (KBr): 3422, 2921, 2852, 2361, 2251, 1742, 1717, 1647, 1612, 1558, 1542, 1508, 1475, 1456, 1418, 1373, 1364, 1340, 1314, 1268, 1234, 1195, 1175, 1153, 1133, 1063, 1046, 991, 970, 905, 877 MS (HRMS): 470 (M+Na+MeOH)+ Chapter 3: Conclusion and Future directions The compounds 7 and 8 were both potent for caspase-3 but compound 7 show more inhibition than that of compound 8. Thus compound 7 was selected for further ruthenium caging studies. The caged ruthenium complexes could be subjected for light activation experiments where IC50 of this complex under light and dark conditions could be determined and the dark to light inhibition ratio could be explored. Then cell toxicity studies could be done in order to explore the ability of these ruthenium complexes for prevention of apoptosis in biological systems. These combined experiments and results could lead to the final goal of this research study which is the development of novel tools to prevent apoptosis in biological systems.

J.B.Priestley’s play, An Inspector Calls :: English Literature

AN INSPECTOR CALLS COMPARE THE LIVES OF EVA SIMTH AND SHEILA BIRLING â€Å"Property is that old fashioned way of thinking of a country as a thing and a collection of things on that thing.† This quote is taken directly from J.B.Priestleys late night post scripts on BBC radio in 1940, which were banned for being to critical of the governments actions, and can be used to sum up the capitalist view perfectly. I think this quote is made from the point of view of a capitalist who believes that the old-fashioned belief is to think of property as belonging the country and its people however the new belief, his belief, is that property can belong to individual people and not to the state or its people at all, and when a person owns his own property he can run it any way he sees fit. This is a belief which Priestly continually criticizes throughout his play. An Inspector Calls was written in 1945, the year the Second World War ended, but was set in 1911. The social climate of both years was of great unrest as was many areas of industry in Britain and many strikes took place all over the country much like the strike which took place in Mr. Birling’s factory. Priestley set the play in 1911 because of the onset of the First World War and he would be able to write the play with the advantage of hindsight, he could also make Mr. Birling look bad with his portentous beliefs and his promises of no war. He may have also set the play in 1911 because at this time he was 18 years old, working as a junior clerk in a wool firm and was about to gain his first insight into the differences between the social classes. The people he met at this age encouraged him to take part in their political arguments and discussions which were soon to influence his opinions and frame the values he was to later write about. These also led to him eventually attending university already politically aware at the age of 25. By writing the play 35 years after it was set, Priestley gave his audiences the advantage of hindsight. He wanted to do something about the injustices of society, and because only the middle and upper classes could afford to go to the theatre, his audiences were exactly the kind of people he was attacking. They were witnessing their own lives on stage and for them it may not have been a very pleasant thing to see. I believe that at the time only the middle and upper classes